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Process Flow Diagram (BPMN)

GO-06 BPMN diagram
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L4 Process Steps

StepStep NameRole / Swim LaneSystem InputOutputKPIDec?Exc?
Phase 1
1.1
Define ground handling scope and service requirements Head of Ground Operations SAP Ariba Network expansion plan, station opening schedule, incumbent contract expiry notice Ground handling scope document covering ramp, fuelling, deicing, ULD, and cleaning Scope document published within 10 business days of trigger event N N
1.2 Issue RFP to pre-qualified ground handlers Procurement Lead SAP Ariba Approved scope document, approved vendor panel list from supplier master Published RFP with evaluation scorecard, response deadline, and mandatory IATA SGHA annex B template RFP issued within 5 business days of scope sign-off; minimum 3 qualified bidders invited N N
1.3 Evaluate vendor proposals against qualification criteria Procurement Lead SAP Ariba Vendor RFP responses, IATA ISAGO audit certificates, IOSA-compliant safety declarations Scored evaluation matrix; shortlist of 1–2 vendors approved for site audit Evaluation completed within 15 business days of RFP close; minimum ISAGO score ≥ 80% Y N
1.4 Conduct on-site capability and safety audit Ground Handling Auditor Archer GRC Shortlisted vendor details, ISAGO report, audit checklist aligned to IATA AHM 810 Audit report with pass/fail rating per category; safety risk register entry in Archer GRC On-site audit completed within 20 business days of shortlist; zero critical findings to proceed N Y
Phase 2
2.1
Negotiate SLA terms, turnaround targets, and penalty rates Commercial Manager SAP Ariba Audit-cleared vendor, benchmark turnaround data from SITA Airport Management System, peer airline SLA benchmarks Agreed SLA schedule: D0 target ≥78%, bag delivery ≤20 min, FOD check compliance 100% SLA negotiation concluded within 10 business days; penalty trigger at ≥3 consecutive monthly SLA breaches N N
2.2 Conduct legal and aviation safety compliance review Legal Counsel SAP S/4HANA Finance (FI/CO) Draft IATA SGHA Main Agreement and Annex B, insurance certificates, local aviation authority operating permit Legal sign-off memo; contract approved or returned with redlines Legal review cycle ≤ 15 business days; zero unresolved liability caps at execution Y N
2.3 Execute contract and issue purchase order Procurement Lead SAP Ariba Countersigned SGHA, approved budget in SAP cost centre, contract start date confirmed with station team Executed contract stored in SAP Ariba repository; PO issued in SAP S/4HANA; vendor activated in supplier master PO issued within 2 business days of contract execution; contract visible in SAP Ariba within same day N N
Phase 3
3.1
Register vendor in airport operations system Ground Ops Coordinator SITA Airport Management System (AMS) Executed contract, vendor contact list, station codes, service scope per aircraft type Vendor profile active in SITA AMS with service assignments per stand and aircraft type Vendor profile configured and tested in SITA AMS ≥ 5 business days before go-live N N
3.2 Configure KPI monitoring thresholds in performance dashboard Performance Analyst Tableau Contracted SLA targets, SITA AMS data feeds, Amadeus Airport Management turnaround data Live Tableau dashboard with amber/red KPI alerts per vendor, per station, per service type Dashboard live and validated against 5 historical flights before go-live; alert latency ≤ 1 hour from event N N
3.3 Conduct pre-operations readiness assessment Station Manager SITA Airport Management System (AMS) Vendor staff roster, GSE serviceability checklist, SITA AMS profile test results, safety induction completion records Signed go/no-go readiness certificate; open items logged in Archer GRC if any 100% of vendor staff complete airline safety induction before go-live; GSE serviceability ≥ 95% on day 1 Y Y
Phase 4
4.1
Ingest daily turnaround performance data from ops systems Performance Analyst Amadeus Airport Management SITA AMS event logs (chocks-on, door-open, door-close, chocks-off), ACARS timestamps, fuelling records Validated daily performance dataset per vendor per flight sector ≥ 98% of flights matched to vendor records within 24 hours; data completeness ≥ 99% N Y
4.2 Generate monthly vendor performance scorecard Performance Analyst Tableau 30-day aggregated performance dataset, contracted SLA thresholds, prior month scorecard for trend analysis Vendor scorecard PDF: D0 %, bag delivery time, FOD incidents, safety events, delay attribution Scorecard issued by business day 5 of following month; D0 target ≥78%, bag delivery ≤20 min N N
4.3 Assess KPI compliance against contracted SLA thresholds Ground Handling Manager Tableau Monthly vendor scorecard, SLA penalty schedule from SAP Ariba contract record Compliance verdict per KPI: Green (met), Amber (within cure period), Red (penalty triggered) Compliance assessment completed within 2 business days of scorecard publication; penalty invoice raised within 5 days of Red verdict Y N
4.4 Issue formal performance improvement notice to vendor Contract Manager SAP Ariba Red KPI verdict, scorecard evidence, prior month trend data, contract penalty clause reference Formal written performance improvement plan (PIP) with 30/60/90-day milestones logged in SAP Ariba PIP issued within 5 business days of Red verdict; vendor root-cause response required within 10 business days N Y
Phase 5
5.1
Conduct annual vendor safety and compliance audit Ground Handling Auditor Archer GRC 12-month performance data, open PIP items, ISAGO renewal status, local regulatory inspection reports Annual audit report with risk rating (Low/Medium/High) and mandatory corrective action items Annual audit completed ≥ 90 days before contract renewal date; zero High-risk open findings at renewal N Y
5.2 Evaluate contract renewal versus re-tender decision Head of Ground Operations SAP Ariba Annual audit report, 12-month KPI scorecard trend, market rate benchmarks, strategic station growth plan Renewal or re-tender recommendation memo approved by VP Ground Operations Decision memo issued ≥ 60 days before contract expiry; re-tender initiated if 12-month D0 average < 75% Y N
5.3 Execute contract renewal or initiate new sourcing cycle Procurement Lead SAP Ariba Approved renewal or re-tender decision memo, updated scope (if changed), revised SLA targets Renewed contract executed in SAP Ariba OR new RFP issued back at step 1.2; vendor master updated Contract renewal executed ≥ 30 days before expiry; zero lapse in contractual coverage at any station N Y
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Process Attributes

Identification

Process IDGO-06
L1 DomainGround Operations & Airport Services
L2 ProcessRamp & Turnaround Operations
L3 NameGround Handling Vendor Management
L4 Steps17 across 5 phases
Decision Gates5 (all with iteration loops)
Exceptions6 documented

Swim Lanes (Roles)

Head of Ground Operations
Procurement Lead
Ground Handling Auditor
Commercial Manager
Legal Counsel
Ground Ops Coordinator
Performance Analyst
Station Manager
Ground Handling Manager
Contract Manager

Systems & Tools

SAP AribaArcher GRCSAP S/4HANA Finance (FI/CO)SITA Airport Management System (AMS)TableauAmadeus Airport Management

Key Performance Indicators

Define ground handling scope and service requirementsScope document published within 10 business days of trigger event
Issue RFP to pre-qualified ground handlersRFP issued within 5 business days of scope sign-off; minimum 3 qualified bidders invited
Evaluate vendor proposals against qualification criteriaEvaluation completed within 15 business days of RFP close; minimum ISAGO score ≥ 80%
Conduct on-site capability and safety auditOn-site audit completed within 20 business days of shortlist; zero critical findings to proceed
Negotiate SLA terms, turnaround targets, and penalty ratesSLA negotiation concluded within 10 business days; penalty trigger at ≥3 consecutive monthly SLA breaches
Conduct legal and aviation safety compliance reviewLegal review cycle ≤ 15 business days; zero unresolved liability caps at execution
Execute contract and issue purchase orderPO issued within 2 business days of contract execution; contract visible in SAP Ariba within same day
Register vendor in airport operations systemVendor profile configured and tested in SITA AMS ≥ 5 business days before go-live

Airline-Specific Risks & Pain Points

Scope creep when station-specific deicing or narrow-body-only ramp constraints are not captured early, leading to SLA gaps on first winter ops
Thin vendor panels at secondary airports (e.g. single-handler markets) reduce competitive tension and inflate unit rates by up to 25% vs hub markets
ISAGO certificates from some regional handlers are expired or cover a different station than the one being contracted, requiring manual verification against IATA ISAGO registry
Handlers at code-share or alliance partner hubs may operate under local airport authority waivers that do not meet airline-specific safety standards, creating liability exposure
Handlers resist penalty clauses tied to D0 when ATC or fuel delays (outside handler control) are not explicitly excluded in the SLA attribution model
Jurisdictional variation in ground handling regulations (e.g. EU Groundhandling Directive 96/67/EC vs. FAA Part 139 requirements for US stations) extends review cycles for multi-station contracts

Inputs / Outputs

Primary InputNetwork expansion plan, station opening schedule, incumbent contract expiry notice
Primary OutputRenewed contract executed in SAP Ariba OR new RFP issued back at step 1.2; vendor master updated
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