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Process Flow Diagram (BPMN)

GO-11 BPMN diagram
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L4 Process Steps

StepStep NameRole / Swim LaneSystem InputOutputKPIDec?Exc?
Phase 1
1.1
Receive cargo booking and AWB data Cargo Acceptance Agent CHAMP Cargospot Handling Air Waybill (AWB), shipper booking request, commodity declaration Booking record created in cargo management system Acceptance processing time ≤15 min per shipment N N
1.2 Validate AWB, weight, dimensions, and piece count Cargo Acceptance Agent CHAMP Cargospot Handling Physical cargo presented at acceptance counter, AWB data Validated weight/dimension record; discrepancy notice if mismatch AWB discrepancy rate ≤2%; re-weigh resolution ≤10 min Y Y
1.3 Screen shipment for dangerous goods compliance DG Acceptance Agent Hazcheck by Exis Technologies Commodity code, shipper's DG declaration, MSDS where applicable DG acceptance confirmation or rejection notice with IATA DGR citation Undeclared DG detection rate = 100%; DG non-compliance rejection logged within 5 min Y Y
1.4 Submit ACAS pre-screening data for US-bound cargo Cargo Security Supervisor ACAS (CBP Air Cargo Advance Screening) AWB data, commodity details, shipper/consignee identifiers ACAS submission confirmation; Do Not Load (DNL) or cleared status from CBP ACAS submission ≥4h before departure per 19 CFR 122.48a; CBP response latency typically <2 min Y Y
Phase 2
2.1
Physically screen cargo via X-ray or ETD Cargo Security Officer Smiths Detection HI-SCAN 10080 XCT Accepted and DG-cleared shipment presented at screening station Screened cargo with TSA/TCAS security clearance label 100% of cargo screened before loading per TSA 12-5 CCSF programme; throughput ≥600 kg/h per lane Y Y
2.2 Assign screened cargo to flight and ULD position Cargo Load Planner IBS Software iCargo Screened shipment data, aircraft load plan from load control, ULD inventory ULD assignment record with build-up instructions and position code ULD utilisation ≥85% by volume; assignment issued ≥3h before STD N Y
2.3 Build ULD, palletise cargo, and apply labels Cargo Warehouse Agent CHAMP Cargospot ULD Control Build-up instructions, cargo, ULD/pallet, netting, and tiedown equipment Completed ULD with IATA ULD tag, gross weight, and content manifest Build-up accuracy (correct ULD manifest) ≥98%; ULD gross weight tolerance ±0.5% of declared Y Y
Phase 3
3.1
Generate and transmit final cargo manifest (FFM) Cargo Operations Controller SITA e-freight Completed ULD manifest records, AWB data, flight details FFM Cargo-IMP message transmitted to destination station, customs, and ground handler FFM transmitted ≥45 min before STD per IATA Cargo-IMP MSG standard; retransmission on amendment ≤5 min N Y
3.2 Transport ULDs and bulk cargo to aircraft ramp Ramp Agent / Cargo Driver SITA Airport Management System (AMS) Ramp movement instruction, airside vehicle assignment, ULD ready notification ULD delivered to aircraft position on time; vehicle movement logged Cargo at aircraft ≥30 min before STD; ramp vehicle utilisation ≥80% N Y
3.3 Load cargo into aircraft hold per load instruction report Loadmaster / Senior Ramp Agent Jeppesen LoadPlanner Load Instruction Report (LIR) from load control, ULDs and bulk cargo on ramp Completed loading; signed LIR returned to load control; actual weights confirmed Loading completion ≥15 min before STD; W&B CG deviation ≤2% of planned; LIR sign-off accuracy 100% Y Y
Phase 4
4.1
Offload cargo from arriving aircraft hold Ramp Agent SITA Airport Management System (AMS) Aircraft arrival confirmation, inbound load manifest (FWB/FFM from origin) Offloaded ULDs and bulk cargo staged on ramp with position labels ULD offload complete ≤35 min after chocks-on; bulk hold clear ≤25 min N Y
4.2 Break down inbound ULDs and scan all pieces Cargo Warehouse Agent CHAMP Cargospot Handling Inbound ULD with origin manifest Individual shipment scan records; discrepancy report if count/condition mismatch Breakdown and scan complete ≤60 min after offload; discrepancy rate ≤1%; cargo claim initiation ≤15 min of confirmed shortage Y Y
4.3 Transmit arrival notices to consignees and forwarders Cargo Customer Service Agent IBS Software iCargo Breakdown scan records, AWB consignee and notify-party contact data Arrival Notices (ANs) transmitted via EDI/email to all notified parties Arrival notice sent ≤2h after breakdown; automated AN rate ≥95% of AWBs with complete contact data N Y
Phase 5
5.1
File customs entry and e-manifest for inbound cargo Customs Coordinator CargoWise One AWB, commodity data, commercial invoice, country of origin certificate Customs entry filed; Movement Reference Number (MRN) or CBP release reference received Customs pre-clearance filing ≥2h before aircraft arrival per EU ICS2 and CBP advance cargo rules; entry acceptance rate ≥97% Y Y
5.2 Present cargo for customs physical examination if selected Customs Examination Agent SITA Airport Management System (AMS) CBP or customs authority examination order; cargo held in bonded warehouse Cargo presented at examination bay; examination result recorded Cargo presented at examination bay ≤4h of exam order; examination completion ≤8h for non-complex shipments N Y
5.3 Release and deliver cargo to consignee upon clearance Cargo Delivery Agent CHAMP Cargospot Handling Customs release confirmation, consignee photo ID and delivery order Signed delivery receipt; cargo released from airline/handler custody; AWB closed Dwell time ≤24h for general cargo; ≤4h for perishables and pharmaceuticals (IATA CEIV Pharma benchmark); delivery receipt accuracy 100% Y N
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Process Attributes

Identification

Process IDGO-11
L1 DomainGround Operations & Airport Services
L2 ProcessBaggage Operations
L3 NameCargo & Mail Ground Handling
L4 Steps16 across 5 phases
Decision Gates9 (all with iteration loops)
Exceptions14 documented

Swim Lanes (Roles)

Cargo Acceptance Agent
DG Acceptance Agent
Cargo Security Supervisor
Cargo Security Officer
Cargo Load Planner
Cargo Warehouse Agent
Cargo Operations Controller
Ramp Agent / Cargo Driver
Loadmaster / Senior Ramp Agent
Ramp Agent
Cargo Customer Service Agent
Customs Coordinator
Customs Examination Agent
Cargo Delivery Agent

Systems & Tools

CHAMP Cargospot HandlingHazcheck by Exis TechnologiesACAS (CBP Air Cargo Advance Screening)Smiths Detection HI-SCAN 10080 XCTIBS Software iCargoCHAMP Cargospot ULD ControlSITA e-freightSITA Airport Management System (AMS)Jeppesen LoadPlannerCargoWise One

Key Performance Indicators

Receive cargo booking and AWB dataAcceptance processing time ≤15 min per shipment
Validate AWB, weight, dimensions, and piece countAWB discrepancy rate ≤2%; re-weigh resolution ≤10 min
Screen shipment for dangerous goods complianceUndeclared DG detection rate = 100%; DG non-compliance rejection logged within 5 min
Submit ACAS pre-screening data for US-bound cargoACAS submission ≥4h before departure per 19 CFR 122.48a; CBP response latency typically <2 min
Physically screen cargo via X-ray or ETD100% of cargo screened before loading per TSA 12-5 CCSF programme; throughput ≥600 kg/h per lane
Assign screened cargo to flight and ULD positionULD utilisation ≥85% by volume; assignment issued ≥3h before STD
Build ULD, palletise cargo, and apply labelsBuild-up accuracy (correct ULD manifest) ≥98%; ULD gross weight tolerance ±0.5% of declared
Generate and transmit final cargo manifest (FFM)FFM transmitted ≥45 min before STD per IATA Cargo-IMP MSG standard; retransmission on amendment ≤5 min

Airline-Specific Risks & Pain Points

Paper-based AWBs delay IATA e-freight compliance; IATA eAWB mandate targets 100% adoption by 2026 but shipper readiness lags at ~68% globally
Weight/dimension discrepancy between booked and actual triggers load plan recalculation in SkyMAX; late changes within 2h of STD cause cascading W&B revisions
Undeclared lithium batteries and aerosols remain the #1 air cargo safety risk; IATA DGR 64th Edition tightens Section II battery limits, requiring agent retraining each Jan cycle
Late ACAS submission or CBP DNL response with <1h to departure forces cargo offload, disrupting finalised load plan and triggering FFM amendment; no automated retry on CBP system timeout
Dense or opaque shipments (machinery, consolidated freight) require manual ETD swab resolution, creating bottleneck at peak build-up windows (02:00–05:00 for early banks); insufficient overnight staffing at secondary airports
Last-minute passenger IRROP (flight cancellation/diversion) displaces belly cargo capacity, requiring full re-manifest of 15–40 shipments within 30 min with no automated re-optimisation tool in most legacy CMS configurations

Inputs / Outputs

Primary InputAir Waybill (AWB), shipper booking request, commodity declaration
Primary OutputSigned delivery receipt; cargo released from airline/handler custody; AWB closed
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